Pipeline cracking encompasses several failure mechanisms, each driven by different combinations of stress, environment, and material factors.

Pipeline cracking encompasses several failure mechanisms, each driven by different combinations of stress, environment, and material factors. Early detection of cracks is critical because crack propagation can lead to sudden, catastrophic pipeline failure.

Main types of pipeline cracks:
• Fatigue cracks — from repeated pressure and thermal cycling.
• Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) — tensile stress combined with corrosive environment.
• Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) — hydrogen diffusion causing internal blistering in sour service.
• Corrosion fatigue cracks — synergy of cyclic loading and corrosive conditions.
• Third-party damage cracks — mechanical impact from external interference.
• Weld cracks — defects at girth welds, seam welds, or repair welds.

Crack detection methods range from ultrasonic testing and phased array UT to magnetic particle testing. EMPIT’s CMI technology supports crack risk management by detecting the underlying conditions that promote cracking — corrosion, coating failures, and stress anomalies — enabling preventive action before cracks develop.