Bend radius, in the context of pipelines, refers to the minimum radius a pipe can bend without cracking or losing its structural integrity.

It is an important characteristic of a pipeline as it determines the maximum degree to which a pipeline can bend without causing damage. The bend radius is influenced by several factors, including the pipeline material, its diameter, wall thickness, and the fluid it carries.

A pipeline with a smaller bend radius is more flexible and can bend more easily, but is also more susceptible to damage if the bend is too sharp. Conversely, a pipeline with a larger bend radius is less flexible but can handle more severe bends without damage.

It is important to consider the bend radius when designing and laying pipelines, especially for pipelines that need to navigate complex or challenging terrain. The bend radius must be large enough to avoid cracking or damage to the pipeline, but small enough to avoid excessive bending that could lead to higher pressure losses and reduced flow efficiency.

Inspecting the bend radius of a pipeline is also important to maintain its structural integrity and prevent failures. This can be done using smart pigs equipped with sensors that can measure the pipeline's geometry and identify any areas that may need repair. The bend radius can also be measured during pipeline installation and after installation using in-line inspection tools.